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一定要知道的英语语法(二)

时间:2009-03-30 10:24:39  来源:大耳朵英语  作者:
5. 其他的数量形容词:

  (1) plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表许多,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。


  The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.(复数名词)


  The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.(不可数名词)


  (2) a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) quantity of, a large (or a small) amount of, 均表(量), 修饰不可数名词。


  The room contained a great deal of furniture. (不可数名词)


  The room contained a good deal of furniture. (不可数名词)


  The room contained a large quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)


  The room contained a large amount of furniture. (不可数名词)


  The room contained a small quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)


  The room contained a small amount of furniture. (不可数名词)


  (3) a number of “许多;一些”;a great (large, good) number of “许多”,修饰复数可数名词,并且要与复数动词连用。


  A number of books are missing from the library.


  The number of books from the library is large.


  (the number of +复数名词←→单数动词)


  The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.(复数可数名词)


  (4) enough的用法:


  (A) 可接复数可数名词和不可数名词。


  There are enough chairs. (可数)


  There is enough furniture. (不可数)


  (B) 可放在年修饰名词的前后。


  We don't have enough time. =We don't have time enough.


  (5) hundreds of, dozens of, thousands of, scores of +复数可数名词


  冠词或数词(one, two...) + (hundred, dozen, thousand, score) 复数可数名词


  (6) the rest of “其余的”, 可接复数可数名词及不可数名词,作主词时,接可数名词则用复数动词,接不可数名词则用单数动词。


  The rest of the students are absent. (复数可数名词)


  The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可数名词)


  注:the rest作代名词, 等于 the others, 和复数动词连用。


  


  6. 不可名词量的表示语:


  (1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语,表示数的观念。其公式为:


  数词+单位词+of+不可数名词


  (2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。


  (A) 物质名词:


  a piece (suit) of armour;


  a piece (slice) of cake;


  a piece (an article) of furniture;


  a piece of jewelry;


  a piece (sheet) of paper;


  a cake of soap;


  a piece (slice) of bacon;


  a piece (stick) of chalk;


  a bit (blade) of grass;


  a piece (strip) of land;


  a bit (grain) of rice;


  a bowl of soup;


  (B) 抽象名词


  a word of abuse;


  an item (a bit) of business;


  an attack of fever;


  a bit (an amount) of interest;


  a fit of passion;


  a piece (word) of advice;


  a piece of evidence;


  a piece (an item) of information;


  a piece (an item) of news;


  (C) 自然现象:


  a flash of lightening;


  a bolt of thunder;


  7. 名词种类的表示语:kind of, sort of, type of,


  (1) 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词,其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。


  What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?


  I don't like that sort of game.


  (2) kind of, sort of, type of之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.


  I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.


  (3) 比较下列用法:(加*表非正式用法)


  I don't like this (*those) kind of person.


  I don't like many (or these) kinds of roses.


  I like this kind of flower.


  I like flowers of this kind.


  I like *these kind of flowers.


  I like this kind of roses.


  I like roses of this kind. (置名词后更强调种类)


  I like roses of these kinds.(置名词后更强调种类)


  8. 数词:


  (1) 基数(Cardinal numerals):one, two, three...


  (A) 除one接单数名词外,其余均接复数名词。


  He has one sister and three brothers.


  (B) hundred的后面须加and(但可以省略)。


  12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;


  (2) 序数(Ordinal mumerals):first, second, third...


  (A) 序数前面必须附以定冠词。而a second, a third等,则是another的意思。


  (B) 日期多用序数。


  It's on Friday, the fifth of October (= October the fifth = October 15th).


  (C) 序数的简体。


  9th = the ninth; 12th = the twelfth; 16th = the sixteenth;


  (3) 分数:


  (A) 分数的表示法:第一,分子用基数,分母用序数。第二,分子大于2时,分母须加“s”以形成复数。


  1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;


  (B) 分数可接与不可数名词;所接的名词是单数,则与单数动词连用,是复数则与复数动词连用。


  A third of the peach was bad.


  A third of the bananas were bad.


  (4) 倍数词:常用的有half, double, treble(三倍)等。


  (A) half a, a half, half the +名词,表(一半的)。


  He ran a half mile in half an hour.


  He ran half a mile in half an hour.


  I have read half the book.


  (B) half还可作名词,代名词及副词。


  Two halves make a whole. (名词)


  This is half as much again as that. (副词)


  (C) 倍数常用的表达法:


  (half; double; treble; twice; two times; three times; four times...) +定冠词或所有形容词+名词或所有代名词


  I had to pay double (= twice) the usual fare.


  That window is three times the size of this.


  9. “数词+名词”结合而成的形容词:


  (1) 数词+名词=形容词


  a five-dollar bill;


  two three-hour periods;


  the Three-power Conference(三强会议);


  (2) 数词+名词+形容词=形容词


  a six-year-old boy;


  a three-hundred-year-old tree;


  注:上述的复合字是以hyphen(-)连结,而且其中的名词要用单数形式。


  (3) 名词(无冠词)+基数=the +序数+名词


  World War Ⅱ= World War Two or the Second World War;


  Vol. Ⅰ= Volume One or the First Volume;


  Page 4 = page four or the fourth page;


  Lesson 6 = lesson Six or the Sixth Lesson;


  Chap. Ⅲ = Chapter Three or the Third Chapter;


  Charles Ⅰ= Charles the First;


  cf. Napoleon the Great = the Great Napoleon;


  (这几种用法,非专有名词,可不用大写,但等号两边须一致。〕


  (4) “数词+复数名词”作主词,虽为复数形,但强调单一性,则用单数动词。若强调一个一个的个别数,则用复数动词。


  Thirty minutes is sufficient for a good sermon.


  Fifty dollars a month is a large sum in our eyes, but is nothing to him.


  cf. Ten years have passed since I saw you last.

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